Middle-class Offenders as Employees – Assessing the Risk:A 35-year Follow-up

A 35-year follow-up of a series of 317 middle-class offenders in England and Wales suggests that the dangers of employing offenders may be more limited than expected. Although 40% were subsequently convicted, only 8% were subsequently convicted of offenses that directly and adversely affected an employer. This work should challenge the “exaggerated fears” of employers. Interestingly, variables which normally predict subsequent criminal activity made no impact in trying to predict offenses against an employer

Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft Acoustic Test Preparations and Facility Upgrades

NASA is investigating the potential of acoustic shielding as a means to reduce the noise footprint at airport communities. A subsonic transport aircraft and Langley's 14- by 22-foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel were chosen to test the proposed "low noise" technology. The present experiment studies the basic components of propulsion-airframe shielding in a representative flow regime. To this end, a 5.8-percent scale hybrid wing body model was built with dual state-of-the-art engine noise simulators. The results will provide benchmark shielding data and key hybrid wing body aircraft noise data. The test matrix for the experiment contains both aerodynamic and acoustic test configurations, broadband turbomachinery and hot jet engine noise simulators, and various airframe configurations which include landing gear, cruise and drooped wing leading edges, trailing edge elevons and vertical tail options. To aid in this study, two major facility upgrades have occurred. First, a propane delivery system has been installed to provide the acoustic characteristics with realistic temperature conditions for a hot gas engine; and second, a traversing microphone array and side towers have been added to gain full spectral and directivity noise characteristics

Intramyocellular lipid levels are associated with peripheral, but not hepatic, insulin sensitivity in normal healthy subjects

A B S T R A C T Increased levels of IMCL (intramyocellular lipid) have been shown to be associated with reduced steady-state glucose infusion rates during a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp (M-value). The aim of the present study was to explore how IMCL levels relate to the insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production [hepatic S I (insulin sensitivity)] and increase in glucose disposal (peripheral S I ). In the present study, 11 healthy young adults (7 male, 4 female; aged 21-31 years) undertook, in random order, an hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp combined with stable glucose isotope enrichment to measure peripheral and hepatic S I , a 1 H-MRS (protonmagnetic resonance spectroscopy) scan to determine IMCL levels and a DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan to assess body composition. IMCL levels (range, 3.2-10.7) were associated with whole-body fat mass (r = 0.787, P = 0.004), fat mass corrected for height (r = 0.822, P = 0.002) and percentage of central fat mass (r = 0.694, P = 0.02), but were not related to whole-body FFM (fat-free mass; r = − 0.472, P = 0.1). IMCL levels correlated closely with the M-value (r = − 0.727, P = 0.01) and FFM-corrected peripheral S I (r = − 0.675, P = 0.02), but were not related to hepatic S I adjusted for body weight (r = 0.08, P = 0.8). The results of the present study suggest that IMCL accumulation may be a sensitive marker for attenuations in peripheral, but not hepatic, S I in normal populations. Given the close relationship of IMCL levels to whole-body and central abdominal fat mass, relative increases in the flux of lipids from adipose tissue to the intramyocellular compartment may be an integral part of the mechanisms underlying reductions in S I

Rakennusyrityksen tarjousvaiheen kustannuslaskenta

Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli koota Rakennus K. Karhu Oy:lle toimintaohje tarjousvaiheen kustannuslaskentaan. Varsinaista tutkimustyötä tähän opinnäytetyöhön ei sisällytetty, vaan tarkoituksena oli useiden laajempia kokonaisuuksia käsittelevien eri lähteiden uumenista ja haastattelemalla aiheen parissa työskennelleitä henkilöitä koota pelkästään tarjousvaiheen kustannuslaskentaan keskittyvä ohje. Tarkoituksena ei ollut luoda uutta toimintatapaa yritykselle, vaan kehittää ja yhtenäistää jo käytössä olevia ja ajan saatossa muotoutuneita toimintaperiaatteita. Tämän tarjousvaiheen kustannuslaskentaan keskittyvän toimintamallin on tarkoitus päätyä osaksi mahdollisesti tulevaisuudessa koottavaa, koko yrityksen toiminnan kattavaa laatujärjestelmää. Tavoitteena oli luoda ohjeesta tiivis kokonaisuus, jota ei olisi liian raskas käyttää, jättäen jokaiselle projektinvetäjälle mahdollisuus toteuttaa omaa toimintatapaansa, kuitenkin yrityksen yhtenäistä linjaa noudattaen. Tässä ohjeen muotoon laaditussa opinnäytetyössä käsitellään rakennusyrityksen tarjousvaiheen kustannuslaskennan vaiheet, vaihe vaiheelta. Pääaihepiirit on jaoteltu projektin etenemisjärjestyksessä alusta loppuun. Tarkastellaan kohteen valinta, minkälainen ja mitkä kriteerit tulee kohteella olla, jotta siitä lähdetään tarjousta tekemään. Kun päätös tarjouskilpaan lähtemisestä on tehty, suoritetaan ennakkotarjouksien kysely alihankintana tehtävistä urakoista. Kun tämä on suoritettu, ja raaka-aineiden määrälaskenta on suoritettu, siirrytään hinnoitteluun ja varsinaiseen alihankintatarjousten kyselyyn. Ennen varsinaista tarjouskäsittelyä, käsiteltävää kohdetta verrataan vielä sopiviin viitekohteisiin ja näiden jälkilaskentatietoihin. Avainsanat (asiasanat) Kustannuslaskenta, tarjoaminen Muut tiedotThe purpose of this bachelor’s thesis was to collect instructions for tender-stage cost calculation in Rakennus K. Karhu Oy. No theoretical research was included in this bachelor’s thesis, but the purpose was to collect instructions just for tender-stage cost calculation, using several extensive sources and interviewing people working on the subject. The purpose was not to create a new kind of procedure for the company, but to develop and unify the principles already in use. The purpose is that this procedure, based on tender-stage cost calculation, is to be included as part of a quality system which will perhaps be created in the future. The main goal was to create a compact package that would not be too difficult to use, leaving each project leader the possibility to do things in his or her own way, still respecting the consistent? procedures of the company. In this bachelor’s thesis, compiled in a form of instruction, the stages of tender calculation in a construction company are dealt with step by step. The main topics are divided from start to finish in the order of the progress of the project. Choosing of the target is examined: what should it be like and what criteria should it have to lead to tendering. When the decision on participating in tendering is made,asking for preliminary bids from subcontractors follows. After this and the quantity calculations for raw-materials have been done, pricing and the actual asking for subcontractors’ tenders follow. Before the actual processing of the tender, the target is compared to similar reference targets and their post-calculation data